Kiyanti2008′s Weblog

Mount Tambora dan Lord Byron’s Darkness

15 Jul 2010 2 Comments

by Lois in Poems Tags: 1815, Darkness, Lord Byron, Mt. Tambora Eruption, My Favourite Poem, The Aftermath

Meletusnya Gunung Tambora dan Puisi Lord Byron ‘Darkness’.

Barusan saya membaca tentang meletusnya gunung Tambora (di Pulau Sumbawa) pada tanggal 15 April, 1815. Letusan ini menyebabkan belahan bumi bagian Selatan  Utara dilanda kegelapan karena sinar matahari dihalangi oleh lapisan abu yang memenuhi atmosfir dan tahun 1816 di Eropa dikabarkan tidak mengalami musim panas atau dikenal dengan istilah: ‘The Year without a Summer’.

Yang menarik dengan kejadian ini adalah puisi yang ditulis oleh Lord Byron dibulan Juli 1816 berjudul Darkness. Rupanya Lord Byron menggambarkan kejadian ditahun itu didalam puisi tersebut.

Lord Byron’s poem Darkness was written following the aftermath of Mount Tambora explosion (April 15, 1815) Mt. Tambora is located in Sumbawa island, Indonesia. A year later after the eruption, volcanic ash on the atmosphere was still blocking the sunlight to reach the Earth. The year of 1816 was known as ‘The Year without a Summer’.

Darkness
by Lord Byron  - July 1816

I had a dream, which was not all a dream.
The bright sun was extinguish’d, and the stars
Did wander darkling in the eternal space,
Rayless, and pathless, and the icy earth
Swung blind and blackening in the moonless air;
Morn came, and went and came, and brought no day,
And men forgot their passions in the dread
Of this desolation; and all hearts
Were chill’d into a selfish prayer for light:
And they did live by watchfires – and the thrones,
The palaces of crowned kings, the huts,
The habitations of all things which dwell,
Were burnt for beacons; cities were consumed,
And men were gathered round their blazing homes
To look once more into each other’s face;
Happy were those who dwelt within the eye
Of the volcanos, and their mountain-torch:
A fearful hope was all the world contain’d;
Forest were set on fire but hour by hour
They fell and faded and the crackling trunks
Extinguish’d with a crash and all was black.
The brows of men by the despairing light
Wore an unearthly aspect, as by fits
The flashes fell upon them; some lay down
And hid their eyes and wept; and some did rest
Their chins upon their clenched hands, and smiled;
And others hurried to and fro, and fed
Their funeral piles with fuel, and looked up
With mad disquietude on the dull sky,
The pall of a past world; and then again
With curses cast them down upon the dust,
And gnash’d their teeth and howl’d: the wild birds shriek’d,
And, terrified, did flutter on the ground,
And flap their useless wings; the wildest brutes
Came tame and tremolous; and vipers crawl’d
And twined themselves among the multitude,
Hissing, but stingless, they were slain for food:
And War, which for a moment was no more,
Did glut himself again; a meal was bought
With blood, and each sate sullenly apart
Gorging himself in gloom: no love was left;
All earth was but one thought and that was death,
Immediate and inglorious; and the pang
Of famine fed upon all entrails men
Died, and their bones were tombless as their flesh;
The meagre by the meagre were devoured,
Even dogs assail’d their masters, all save one,
And he was faithful to a corpse, and kept
The birds and beasts and famish’d men at bay,
Till hunger clung them, or the dropping dead
Lured their lank jaws; himself sought out no food,
But with a piteous and perpetual moan
And a quick desolate cry, licking the hand
Which answered not with a caress, he died.
The crowd was famish’d by degrees; but two
Of an enormous city did survive, And they were enemies;
They met beside
The dying embers of an altar-place
Where had been heap’d a mass of holy things
For an unholy usage; they raked up,
And shivering scraped with their cold skeleton hands
The feeble ashes, and their feeble breath

Blew for a little life, and made a flame
Wich was a mockery; then they lifted up
Their eyes as it grew lighter, and
Each other’s aspects. saw, and shriek’d, and died, beheld
Even of their mutual hideousness they died,
Unknowing who he was upon whose brow
Famine had written Fiend. The world was void,
The populous and the powerful was a lump,
Seasonless, herbless, treeless, manless, lifeless,
A lump of death, a chaos of hard clay.
The rivers, lakes, and ocean stood still,
And nothing stirred within their silent depths;
Ships sailorless lay rotting on the sea,
And their masts fell down piecemeal; as they dropp’d
They slept on the abyss without a surge
The waves were dead; the tides were in their grave,
The moon their mistress had expired before;
The winds were withered in the stagnant air,
And the clouds perish’d; Darkness had no need
Of aid from them. She was the universe.